Preface...............................................................................................................................*
Acknowledgmen ts.........................................................................................-................xii
What's on the CD-ROM?................................................................................................xiii
CHAPTER 1: What is a PIC®?............................................................................................1
PICs "101"..................................................................................................................................1
How Do I Tell Them Apart?..........................................................................................................2
Which One Should I Use?............................................................................................................4
How Do I Pick One?....................................................................................................................7
So, Which One Do I Really Want to Use?.....................................................................................8
Basic Micro's MBasic876 Compiler...............................................................................................8
References...................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 2: MBasic Compiler and Development Boards.............................................10
The Compiler Package...............................................................................................................10
BASIC and Its Essentials.............................................................................................................11
Development Boards.................................................................................................................13
Programming Style....................................................................................................................15
Building the Circuits and Standard Assumptions .......................................................................16
Pins, Ports and Input/Output......................................................................................................17
Pseudo-Code and Planning the Program....................................................................................23
Inside the Compiler...................................................................................................................25
References.................................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 3: The Basics - Output.................................................................-..................28
Pin Architectures.......................................................................................................................28
LED Indicators...........................................................................................................................31
Switching Inductive Loads.........................................................................................................34
Low Side Switching...................................................................................................................36
Isolated Switching.....................................................................................................................45
Special Purpose Switching.........................................................................................................50
Fast Switching—Sound from a PIC.............................................................................................50
References.................................................................................................................................51
CHAPTER 4: The Basics - Digital Input...........................................................................53
Introduction..............................................................................................................................53
Switch Bounce and Sealing Current...........................................................................................58
Isolated Switching.....................................................................................................................62
Reading a Keypad.....................................................................................................................63
References.................................................................................................................................66
CHAPTER 5; LCD Modules...............................................................................................67
Selecting a Display.....................................................................................................................67
VFD Displays..............................................................................................................................69
Connection to PIC.....................................................................................................................69
Hello World...............................................................................................................................72
LCD Module Memory, Shifts and Lines.......................................................................................74
Font Selection...........................................................................................................................79
Custom Characters....................................................................................................................80
References.................................................................................................................................85
CHAPTER 6: Reading Complex Input Switches.............................................................86
Pin Saving Techniques................................................................................................................86
Rotary Encoders........................................................................................................................91
Reading a Relative Encoder........................................................................................................95
Dual Encoders and LCD...........................................................................................................100
References...............................................................................................................................106
CHAPTER 7: Seven-Segment LED Displays..................................................................107
LED Display Selection...............................................................................................................107
Circuit Design..........................................................................................................................108
References...............................................................................................................................119
CHAPTER 8: Introductory Stepper Motors..................................................................120
Stepper Motor Basics...............................................................................................................120
Programs.................................................................................................................................133
References...............................................................................................................................150
CHAPTER 9: RS-232 Serial Interface.............................................................................151
How to Connect to Your PC....................................................................................................151
Voltage Levels in RS-232 and Level Conversion........................................................................152
Standard Pin Connections........................................................................................................154
Asynchronous Transmission, Start Bits, Stop Bits and Bit Order.................................................154
MBasic's Procedures for Serial Communications.......................................................................156
Programs.................................................................................................................................159
References...............................................................................................................................186
CHAPTER 10: Interrupts and Timers in MBasic............................................................187
Interrupts and Timers—Overview.............................................................................................187
Interrupts................................................................................................................................188
Timers.....................................................................................................................................194
Capture and Compare.............................................................................................................203
References...............................................................................................................................210
CHAPTER 11: An a log-to-Digital Conversion...............................................................211
Introduction to Analog-to-Digital Conversion...........................................................................211
Resolution and Accuracy.........................................................................................................212
Self-Contained DVM...............................................................................................................218
References...............................................................................................................................230
CHAPTER 12: Digital Temperature Sensors and Real-Time Clocks.............................231
DS18B20 Temperature Sensor..................................................................................................231
DS1302 Real-Time Clock.........................................................................................................243
Combination Date, Time and Temperature..............................................................................252
References...............................................................................................................................259
CHAPTER 13: Assembler 101........................................................................................260
The Basics...............................................................................................................................260
Opcodes.................................................................................................................................267
References...............................................................................................................................280
CHAPTER 14:ln-Line Assembler...................................................................................281
Adding Assembler to MBasic Programs....................................................................................281
Bo It-In Assembler Functions.....................................................................................................295
References...............................................................................................................................316
CHAPTER 15: Interrupt Handlers and Timers in Assembler.......................................317
ISRASM - MBasic's Gateway to Assembler Interrupt Service Routines.......................................317
Program Examples...................................................................................................................323
References...............................................................................................................................334
CHAPTER 16: Digital-to-Analog Conversion...............................................................335
Introduction to Digital-to-Analog Conversion...........................................................................335
Resolution - Accuracy and Signal-to-Noise Ratio......................................................................336
Henry Nyquist and his Sampling Theorem................................................................................337
DAC Circuit Design..................................................................................................................339
Alternative Analog Output Solutions.......................................................................................352
References...............................................................................................................................358
CHAPTER 17: DTMF Tone Decoding and Telephone Interface...................................360
What is Touch-Tone Signaling?................................................................................................360
Generating Touch-Tone Signals................................................................................................361
Decoding a Touch-Tone Signal.................................................................................................361
References...............................................................................................................................388
CHAPTER 18: External Memory....................................................................................389
l2C-Bus Devices........................................................................................................................389
Practical Use of External EEPROM............................................................................................403
Parallel Access Memory...........................................................................................................408
References...............................................................................................................................416
CHAPTER 19: Advanced Stepper Motors................................................-....................418
Microstepping.........................................................................................................................418
Programs.................................................................................................................................420
References...............................................................................................................................452
CHAPTER 20: X-10 Home Automation.........................................................................453
How X-10 Works.....................................................................................................................453
Programs.................................................................................................................................459
References...............................................................................................................................486
CHAPTER 21: Digital Potentiometers and Controllable Filter....................................487
Getting Started with an MCP41010........................................................................................489
RS-232 Control of an MCP41010............................................................................................493
Daisy Chaining Multiple MCP42010 Devices............................................................................498
RS-232 Command of Multiple Daisy Chained MCP42010 Devices...........................................501
Logarithmic Response for Audio Volume Control.....................................................................506
Electronically Tunable Low-Pass Filter Using MCP42010........................................................... 511
References...............................................................................................................................515
CHAPTER 22: Infrared Remote Controls......................................................................517
Common Encoding Standards.................................................................................................518
IR Receiver...............................................................................................................................520
Characterizing Wide/Narrow Pulse Intervals.............................................................................522
Decoding a REC-80 Controller.................................................................................................532
References...............................................................................................................................541
CHAPTER 23: AC Power Control...................................................................................542
Introduction to Triacs...............................................................................................................543
Snubberless versus Standard; dV/dt and dl/dt Issues.................................................................545
Triggering a Triac ....................................................................................................................548
Phase and Cycle Control..........................................................................................................549
Power Control Board...............................................................................................................551
Programs.................................................................................................................................555
References...............................................................................................................................565
CHAPTER 24: DC Motor Control...................................................................................567
Introduction to Control Theory................................................................................................567
Measure Motor Speed (Tachometer Output Pulse Width).........................................................568
Error = Target Width - Measured Width .................................................................................572
The Control Algorithm.............................................................................................................572
Motor Control Programs..........................................................................................................573
References...............................................................................................................................594
CHAPTER 25: Bar Code Reader.....................................................................................595
BarCodes "101"....................................................................................................................595
Bar Code Wand.......................................................................................................................599
Programs.................................................................................................................................602
References...............................................................................................................................631
CHAPTER 26: Sending Morse Code.............................................................................- 633
Morse Code 101.....................................................................................................................633
Programs.................................................................................................................................635
References...............................................................................................................................660
CHAPTER 27: Morse Code Reader................................................................................661
Sending and Receiving Morse..................................................................................................661
Tone Detector Circuit...............................................................................................................663
Programs.................................................................................................................................668
References...............................................................................................................................689
CHAPTER 28: Weather Station and Data Logger........................................................691
Sensor Selection......................................................................................................................691
Connecting the Sensors and Memory......................................................................................698
Initial Tests...............................................................................................................................700
References...............................................................................................................................728
CHAPTER 29: Migrating from v5.2.1.x to 5.3.0.0 and the Undocumented MBasic.....729
Migrating from v5.2.1 .x to 5.3.0.0..........................................................................................729
Undocumented MBasic...........................................................................................................733
APPENDIX A: Parts List and Suppliers........................................................................745
Suppliers.................................................................................................................................745
Generic Components Required................................................................................................746
Specific Components...............................................................................................................748
APPENDIX B: Function Index........................................................................................755
About the Author.........................................................................................................760
Index..............................................................................................................................761